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2332:. Marxist geography is the Marxist examination of society 'from the vantage point of space, place, scale and human transformation of nature'. Marxist geographers argue that incorporating Marxist thinking into Geography enriches geographical thinking. For Marxist geographers, it is imperative that space be understood both as a fundamental component of capitalist production and the
2308:. In Marxist geography, the relations that geography has traditionally analyzed — natural environment and spatial relations — are reviewed as outcomes of the mode of material production. To fully understand geographical relations, on this view, the social structure must also be examined. Marxist geography attempts to change the basic structure of society.
2381:
and exploitation in capitalist societies. Marxist geography makes exegetical claims regarding how the deep-seated structures of capitalism act as a determinant and a constraint to human agency. Most of these ideas were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s out of dissatisfaction with the
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and abuse that underlie socio-spatial arrangements. As such, early
Marxist geographers were explicitly political in advocating for social change and activism; they sought, through application of geographical analysis of social problems, to alleviate
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in geography and spurred on by the founding of the journal
Antipode. In some cases, these movements were led by former "space cadets" such as
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To accomplish such philosophical aims, these geographers rely heavily upon
Marxist social and economic theory, drawing on
2926:"A marginal man and his central contributions: The creative spaces of William ('Wild Bill') Bunge and American geography"
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2007:
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8:
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centered on the latter's methodologies, which failed to consider the characteristics of
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2619:"Marxism and historical-geographical materialism: A spectre is haunting geography"
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2494:"What is Marxist geography today, or what is left of Marxist geography?"
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183:
2536:
Uneven development : nature, capital, and the production of space
2336:. Some of the major concepts developed by Marxist geographers include
3185:
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2413:
is also invoked to examine how spatial relationships are affected by
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24:
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2344:. Today, some of the most prominent Marxist geographers include
879:
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414:
Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice
2409:
control human spatial distribution in capitalist structures.
2394:, who were at the forefront of the quantitative revolution.
2871:""Not Only … But Also": Quantitative and Critical Geography"
2765:
New urban spaces : urban theory and the scale question
384:
2417:. The emphasis is on structure and structural mechanisms.
204:
The Origin of the Family, Private
Property and the State
2539:(Third ed.). Athens: University of Georgia Press.
2368:
in nature and its primary criticism of the positivist
2670:. Donald Nicholson-Smith, David Harvey. Oxford, UK.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2859:Harvey, David. 1973. "Social Justice and the City"
2814:Geographic thought : a critical introduction
3281:
2340:, historical-geographical materialism, and the
2983:
2930:Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space
2328:and later thinkers building on Marx, such as
2270:
164:The Condition of the Working Class in England
159:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
2990:
2976:
2845:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2796:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2747:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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2698:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2616:
2602:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2316:Marxism encompasses the ideas of Marx and
2277:
2263:
304:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
179:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
2810:
2509:
2296:that uses the theories and philosophy of
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2663:
2761:
3282:
2923:
2868:
2567:
2453:"An Introduction to Marxist Geography"
1085:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
2971:
2532:
1998:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory
374:Change the World Without Taking Power
3262:
2450:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2491:
2320:, revolutionary socialists such as
329:Marxism and the Oppression of Women
259:Theses on the Philosophy of History
13:
2924:Barnes, Trevor J (November 2018).
2617:Swyngedouw, Erik A. (1999-01-01).
14:
3306:
349:Time, Labor and Social Domination
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3249:
3238:
3237:
3139:
2998:Sub-fields of and approaches to
2869:Barnes, Trevor J. (2009-07-06).
2244:
2232:
2220:
2056:21st-century communist theorists
399:Towards Socialism or Capitalism?
314:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
234:Essays on Marx's Theory of Value
140:
23:
2917:
2862:
2853:
2817:. Chichester, West Sussex, UK.
2338:uneven geographical development
758:Theory of historical trajectory
636:Dictatorship of the proletariat
339:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy
239:History and Class Consciousness
194:Critique of the Gotha Programme
34:needs additional citations for
2804:
2755:
2706:
2657:
2610:
2561:
2526:
2485:
2444:
556:Socially necessary labour time
454:Philosophy in the Soviet Union
344:The Sublime Object of Ideology
269:A Critique of Soviet Economics
1:
2623:Scottish Geographical Journal
2437:
2359:
2311:
477:Critique of political economy
2574:(Revised ed.). Athens.
514:Falling profit-rate tendency
294:The Society of the Spectacle
16:Strand of critical geography
7:
3193:Non-representational theory
2875:The Professional Geographer
2571:Social justice and the city
2420:
1988:Capitalism Nature Socialism
504:Concrete and abstract labor
394:Capital in the Anthropocene
319:Social Justice and the City
214:The Accumulation of Capital
10:
3311:
2492:Das, Raju J (March 2022).
264:Dialectic of Enlightenment
3233:
3148:
3137:
3006:
2895:10.1080/00330120902931937
2713:Merrifield, Andy (2014).
2643:10.1080/14702549908553819
2511:10.1177/19427786211049757
2479:10.1080/00221348508979261
2451:Peet, J. Richard (1985).
409:Literature and Revolution
369:Late Victorian Holocausts
299:Pedagogy of the Oppressed
284:The Wretched of the Earth
2942:10.1177/0308518X17707524
2664:Lefebvre, Henri (1991).
359:The Origin of Capitalism
229:The State and Revolution
2811:Cresswell, Tim (2013).
2667:The production of space
2384:quantitative revolution
2334:relations of production
1060:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
703:Relations of production
586:Base and superstructure
439:Dialectical materialism
404:The Revolution Betrayed
224:Terrorism and Communism
219:Philosophical Notebooks
174:The Communist Manifesto
2762:Brenner, Neil (2019).
2716:The new urban question
2568:Harvey, David (2009).
2403:historical materialism
2003:Historical Materialism
748:Proletarian revolution
743:Primitive accumulation
738:Historical determinism
2405:to tease out how the
2364:Marxist geography is
2239:Philosophy portal
2033:Science & Society
651:Democratic centralism
509:Factors of production
379:Caliban and the Witch
324:Women, Race and Class
2533:Smith, Neil (2008).
2458:Journal of Geography
2251:Socialism portal
2227:Communism portal
2096:History of communism
2091:Economic determinism
2076:Criticism of Marxism
2066:Creative destruction
826:Marxism and religion
546:Scientific socialism
449:Philosophy of nature
334:Imagined Communities
199:Dialectics of Nature
43:improve this article
3220:Sexuality and space
2887:2009ProfG..61..292B
2635:1999ScGJ..115...91S
2471:1985JGeog..84....5P
2407:means of production
2401:and the methods of
2342:production of space
1983:Capital & Class
663:False consciousness
611:Commodity fetishism
601:Class consciousness
519:Means of production
354:The Age of Extremes
274:The Long Revolution
209:What Is to Be Done?
169:The German Ideology
58:"Marxist geography"
3203:Post-structuralism
2294:critical geography
2197:Worker cooperative
2175:Left-wing populism
2101:Left-wing politics
2038:Socialist Register
2028:Rethinking Marxism
821:Literary criticism
524:Mode of production
389:Capitalist Realism
249:The Black Jacobins
3277:
3276:
3215:Scientific method
2824:978-1-4051-6940-0
2775:978-0-19-062722-5
2726:978-1-78371-135-2
2581:978-0-8203-3604-6
2546:978-0-8203-3590-2
2432:Social metabolism
2399:Marxian economics
2302:spatial relations
2290:Marxist geography
2287:
2286:
2128:Political ecology
2106:Marxian economics
1045:Council communism
1013:
1012:
940:Neue Marx-Lektüre
902:Regulation school
791:Cultural analysis
683:Lumpenproletariat
626:Cultural hegemony
616:Communist society
606:Classless society
541:Productive forces
279:Guerrilla Warfare
152:Theoretical works
119:
118:
111:
93:
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3143:
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2961:
2936:(8): 1697–1715.
2921:
2915:
2914:
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2860:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2844:
2836:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2795:
2787:
2768:. New York, NY.
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2249:
2248:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2202:Workers' council
2023:Race & Class
930:Frankfurt School
897:Neo-Gramscianism
870:Marxism–Leninism
852:
851:
796:Cultural Studies
753:World revolution
698:Private property
244:Prison Notebooks
144:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3310:
3309:
3305:
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3301:
3300:
3299:
3290:Human geography
3280:
3279:
3278:
3273:
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3144:
3135:
3002:
3000:human geography
2996:
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2918:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2809:
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2727:
2711:
2707:
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2658:
2615:
2611:
2595:
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2582:
2566:
2562:
2547:
2531:
2527:
2498:Human Geography
2490:
2486:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2427:Labor geography
2423:
2370:spatial science
2362:
2350:Andy Merrifield
2314:
2306:human geography
2300:to examine the
2292:is a strand of
2283:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2207:
2206:
2180:Universal class
2071:Conflict theory
2051:
2043:
2042:
2018:New Left Review
1973:
1965:
1964:
1105:
1095:
1094:
1025:
1015:
1014:
925:Budapest School
849:
848:Common variants
841:
840:
771:
763:
762:
728:
718:
717:
621:Critical theory
581:
571:
570:
551:Surplus product
479:
469:
468:
429:
419:
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289:Reading Capital
154:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3308:
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3259:
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3208:Deconstruction
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3161:Culture theory
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3008:
3004:
3003:
2995:
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2987:
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2916:
2881:(3): 292–300.
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1187:
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1127:
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1087:
1082:
1077:
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1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
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1026:
1023:Other variants
1021:
1020:
1017:
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1003:
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988:
983:
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973:
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958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
919:
918:
912:
911:
910:
909:
907:Third-worldist
904:
899:
894:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
867:
859:
858:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
816:Historiography
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
772:
769:
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
733:Class struggle
729:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
688:Metabolic rift
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
582:
577:
576:
573:
572:
569:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
537:
536:
531:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
480:
475:
474:
471:
470:
467:
466:
464:Marxist ethics
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
430:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
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351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
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309:Ways of Seeing
306:
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296:
291:
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281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
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196:
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155:
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137:
136:
130:
129:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3307:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3270:
3269:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:Postmodernism
3196:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3181:Structuralism
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
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3027:
3025:
3022:
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3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2979:
2974:
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2955:
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2939:
2935:
2931:
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2920:
2912:
2908:
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2900:
2896:
2892:
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2880:
2876:
2872:
2865:
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2834:
2830:
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2820:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2793:
2785:
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2777:
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2766:
2758:
2750:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2728:
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2709:
2701:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2677:0-631-14048-4
2673:
2669:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2629:(2): 91–102.
2628:
2624:
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2613:
2605:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2573:
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2240:
2230:
2228:
2218:
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2213:
2212:
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2210:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
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2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Revolutionary
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:Authoritarian
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
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2087:
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2079:
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2059:
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2053:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:Moufawad-Paul
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
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1881:
1878:
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1573:
1571:
1568:
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1501:
1498:
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1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
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1428:
1426:
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1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
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1388:
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1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
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1223:
1221:
1218:
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1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
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1168:
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1163:
1161:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:Eurocommunism
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1035:Austromarxism
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
981:Communization
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
967:
966:
962:
961:
956:
955:Praxis School
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
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920:
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905:
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898:
895:
891:
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868:
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853:
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837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
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809:
807:
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802:
799:
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789:
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779:
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751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
727:
722:
721:
714:
713:Working class
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
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691:
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686:
684:
681:
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619:
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584:
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559:
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552:
549:
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544:
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530:
527:
526:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
494:Crisis theory
492:
489:
485:
482:
481:
478:
473:
472:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
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440:
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428:
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415:
412:
410:
407:
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345:
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335:
332:
330:
327:
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310:
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297:
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262:
260:
257:
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148:
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127:
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113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3266:
3254:
3242:
3170:
3014:Agricultural
2933:
2929:
2919:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2855:
2813:
2806:
2764:
2757:
2715:
2708:
2666:
2659:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2570:
2563:
2535:
2528:
2504:(1): 33–44.
2501:
2497:
2487:
2462:
2456:
2446:
2396:
2388:David Harvey
2363:
2354:Neil Brenner
2346:David Harvey
2315:
2289:
2288:
2123:Municipalism
1935:Bhattacharya
1080:Situationist
1055:Instrumental
810:
708:State theory
673:Immiseration
668:Human nature
658:Exploitation
488:accumulation
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3034:Development
2465:(1): 5–10.
2086:Communalism
1485:Wallerstein
1075:Revisionist
806:Film theory
786:Criminology
781:Archaeology
693:Proletariat
678:Imperialism
591:Bourgeoisie
566:Wage labour
459:Reification
254:On Practice
3284:Categories
3149:Approaches
3099:Settlement
3089:Population
3059:Historical
3019:Behavioral
3007:Sub-fields
2784:1056201757
2719:. London.
2438:References
2392:Bill Bunge
2374:capitalism
2360:Philosophy
2312:Definition
2143:Democratic
2008:Mediations
1620:Przeworski
1560:Poulantzas
1410:Sivanandan
1365:Bettelheim
1265:Horkheimer
1260:Mariátegui
1235:Pashukanis
1160:Liebknecht
1090:Wertkritik
1030:Analytical
890:Trotskyism
865:Autonomist
856:Structural
836:Philosophy
776:Aesthetics
561:Value-form
529:Capitalist
434:Alienation
427:Philosophy
184:Grundrisse
99:April 2008
69:newspapers
3186:Semiotics
3176:Modernism
3126:Strategic
3109:Transport
3084:Political
3074:Marketing
3044:Emotional
3024:Cognitive
2958:149173226
2950:0308-518X
2911:144095328
2903:0033-0124
2841:cite book
2833:802319135
2792:cite book
2743:cite book
2735:875269584
2694:cite book
2651:1470-2541
2598:cite book
2590:704418427
2555:593303347
2520:1942-7786
2190:Economism
2153:Reformist
2133:Socialism
2081:Communism
2061:Anarchism
1915:Coulthard
1840:McDonnell
1800:Screpanti
1710:Rowbotham
1575:Harnecker
1385:Althusser
1325:Deutscher
1165:Kollontai
1155:Luxemburg
1135:Plekhanov
1065:Nkrumaism
976:Classical
950:Political
875:Guevarism
831:Sociology
811:Geography
631:Democracy
579:Sociology
534:Socialist
499:Commodity
3244:Category
3166:Feminist
3156:Critical
3104:Regional
3094:Religion
3079:Military
3069:Language
3064:Internet
3039:Economic
3029:Cultural
2686:22624721
2421:See also
2116:Old Left
2111:New Left
1978:Antipode
1972:Journals
1875:Heinrich
1850:Roediger
1845:Douzinas
1835:Hennessy
1790:Holloway
1705:Hartsock
1695:Eagleton
1680:Federici
1655:Bannerji
1630:Therborn
1610:Rancière
1605:Easthope
1585:Anderson
1580:Altvater
1480:O'Connor
1475:Mészáros
1470:Guattari
1425:Thompson
1415:Miliband
1395:Williams
1380:Hobsbawm
1355:Emmanuel
1335:Beauvoir
1300:Lefebvre
1245:Benjamin
1210:Bukharin
1190:Zinoviev
1185:Grossman
1170:Bogdanov
1145:Connolly
1125:Lafargue
1070:Orthodox
1040:Centrist
991:Leninism
986:Feminist
935:Humanist
916:Hegelian
444:Ideology
126:a series
124:Part of
3295:Marxism
3268:Commons
3171:Marxist
3131:Tourism
2883:Bibcode
2631:Bibcode
2467:Bibcode
2379:poverty
2366:radical
2330:Gramsci
2326:Trotsky
2298:Marxism
2215:Outline
2168:Utopian
1945:Srnicek
1930:Toscano
1925:Seymour
1880:Prashad
1830:Sankara
1825:Berardi
1810:Hampton
1785:Burawoy
1755:Panitch
1750:Haraway
1740:Cleaver
1725:Brenner
1690:Balibar
1645:Postone
1635:Losurdo
1565:Vattimo
1535:Gonzalo
1530:Jameson
1520:Parenti
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1455:Guevara
1345:Nkrumah
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1140:Du Bois
1130:Kautsky
1006:Western
885:Titoism
770:Aspects
726:History
646:Radical
484:Capital
189:Capital
134:Marxism
83:scholar
3256:Portal
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3054:Health
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1950:Horvat
1905:Fisher
1900:Linera
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1865:Ghandy
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1780:Fraser
1775:Wright
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1735:Massey
1715:Mouffe
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1650:Rodney
1615:Berman
1570:Badiou
1550:Laclau
1545:Harvey
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1500:Debord
1495:Tronti
1465:Heller
1450:Castro
1445:Berger
1430:Bauman
1420:Cabral
1405:Mandel
1400:Freire
1390:Hinton
1370:Draper
1350:Sweezy
1320:Sartre
1310:Adorno
1275:Brecht
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1205:Korsch
1200:Lukács
1175:Stalin
1120:Morris
1115:Engels
1103:People
880:Maoism
801:Ethics
641:Soviet
364:Empire
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3114:Urban
2954:S2CID
2907:S2CID
2415:class
2322:Lenin
1960:Saito
1955:Hamza
1820:Žižek
1805:Tamás
1770:Davis
1730:Davis
1720:Geras
1685:Wolff
1670:Sakai
1625:Cohen
1600:Sison
1595:Vogel
1555:Bahro
1525:Negri
1515:Nairn
1440:Kosik
1435:Fanon
1375:Jones
1330:Hoxha
1305:James
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1195:Bloch
1150:Lenin
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596:Class
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76:books
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2946:ISSN
2899:ISSN
2847:link
2829:OCLC
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2700:link
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2604:link
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2541:ISBN
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2411:Marx
2390:and
2324:and
1920:Malm
1890:Dean
1860:West
1815:Cano
1795:Rose
1700:Kurz
1675:Wood
1640:Ture
1590:Löwy
1510:Hall
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1360:Hill
1270:Dutt
1255:Basu
1110:Marx
1001:Post
963:Both
945:Open
62:news
2938:doi
2891:doi
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