416:'s relative Yang Zhaosui (楊昭遂) had ambitions of replacing Gao Yu, and therefore often spoke negatively of Gao to him. Ma Xisheng thus accused Gao of wasteful living and contacting other states, requesting Ma Yin to kill him. Ma Yin refused, but after Ma Xisheng repeatedly requested to at least strip Gao Yu of military command, did so. Gao, displeased, stated to his associates, "I am going to build a mansion in the hills to the west, for retirement. The pony has grown up and can bite now." Ma Xisheng heard the remark and became angry—so angry that he falsely announced that Gao had committed treason, and he slaughtered Gao and his family, without first informing Ma Yin. When Ma Yin heard this, he cried bitterly, but did not punish Ma Xisheng.
424:(侍中). It was not, however, until a month later that Ma Yin actually died, and he left a will to his sons, stating that after his death, the further succession of the Chu state should be from brother to brother — going as far as leaving his sword displayed at the royal gathering hall and stating, "Those who resist my order shall be killed!" The Chu generals initially wanted to delay announcements of Ma Yin's death until they had had a chance to fortify the borders, but at the urging of Huang Sun (黃損) the deputy minister of defense, who pointed out that one ruler was being succeeded by another and that there should not be too much of a display of alarm, went ahead announced Ma Yin's death and Ma Xisheng's succession.
385:). It was said that from this point on, all affairs of the state have to first be reported to Ma Xisheng before Ma Yin, making it clear that Ma Xisheng was to be considered his successor. (Ma Xizhen, both because he was born of a wife and because he was older, would be considered the heir under the traditional rules of succession, but Ma Xisheng was said to be selected because Lady Yuan—who was then carrying the regal title of
340:— was likely born of her, with Ma Xifan and Ma Xiguang clearly born of a different concubine, Lady Chen.) Ma Xisheng and Ma Xifan were born on the same day, but Ma Xisheng was born earlier on that day. (Another brother, unnamed in historical sources, was likely born on the same day of a different mother, between Ma Xisheng's and Ma Xifan's births, as Ma Xifan was said to be Ma Yin's fourth son.)
324:, while Ma Yin's favorite, was not Ma Yin's wife — as Ma Yin's first son, Ma Xizhen (馬希振), was said to be born of his wife, who was not named in historical sources. (Ma Yin would eventually have at least 35 sons, and Consort Yuan bore at least one of those of Ma Xisheng's younger brothers, Ma Xiwang (馬希旺), although none of the eventual rulers of Chu subsequent to Ma Xisheng —
453:'s fondness for chicken, Ma Xisheng also took to eating chicken — which, while not absolutely prohibited to him, was considered inappropriate during a time of mourning — going as far as killing 50 chickens for food each day. He was also bearing no outward signs of sadness. As Ma Yin was set to be buried in late 931 at
448:
For reasons unclear, Ma Yin was not buried for about a year. During that period, while Ma
Xisheng had been authorized by the Later Tang court not to observe a mourning period, traditionally he was considered to be still in that period. Nevertheless, having heard stories about Later Liang's founder
432:
After Ma
Xisheng took over the Chu state, he stated that it was Ma Yin's will that he not claim the title of king (and therefore, not the right to the governmental structure as was given in the regal creation) but only claimed the title of military governor of Wu'an, as a vassal to Later Tang. Li
419:
In 930, Ma Yin, then very ill, sent an emissary to Li Siyuan's court, asking to be allowed to pass his titles to Ma
Xisheng. The Later Tang imperial government, incorrectly, assumed that Ma Yin had already died, and therefore Li Siyuan issued an edict that Ma Xisheng suspend his mourning period
372:
in 927. Apparently after being created king and therefore authorized to create a governmental structure of his own mirroring that of the imperial government, he, in 929, Ma Yin made Ma
Xisheng, who then carried the titles of deputy military governor of Wu'an and acting mayor of Changsha, a
320:, and was not yet fully in control of Wu'an Circuit (武安, headquartered at Tan Prefecture), which would eventually become the central circuit for the Chu state, but was in the process of gradually consolidating his control. Ma Xisheng's mother
389:(德妃) and who was the only one that traditional histories attributed a consort title to among Ma Yin's concubines—was Ma Yin's favorite. Ma Xizhen, apparently to avoid a confrontation with Ma Xisheng, became a
464:
During Ma
Xisheng's reign, there was apparently a severe drought in the Chu realm. Believing the gods to be responsible, he, in fall 932, ordered the closure of the temples dedicated to the god of
457:, Ma Xisheng, who was to escort the funeral train departing Changsha, ate several plates of chicken before departing. His official Pan Qi (潘起), seeing this, satirized him by stating, "In the past,
599:'s biography indicated Ma Xifan was 48 at his death in 947, and further indicated that Ma Xifan was born on the same day as Ma Xisheng, thus indicating what Ma Xisheng's birth year was, as well.
803:
1527:
796:
1491:
789:
1523:
710:
612:
591:
420:(i.e., for Ma Yin's death) and serve as the military governor of Wu'an; the edict also gave Ma Xisheng the honorary chancellor title of
528:
As Ma
Xisheng never carried the title of "Prince" while alive, the date that he was described to have "assumed power" is used here.
812:
468:
as well as other gods, but the drought continued. He died not long after, and his generals supported Ma Xifan to succeed him.
285:
1507:
1479:
1475:
396:
Shortly after taking effective control of the Chu administration, Ma
Xisheng came to suspect Ma Yin's long-time strategist
1467:
433:
Siyuan subsequently gave him the additional title of military governor of
Jingjiang Circuit (靜江, headquartered in modern
1556:
735:
731:
727:
687:
668:
546:
496:
348:
Ma Yin, who gradually increased the size of his realm over the years, would eventually receive the title of Prince of
703:
698:
585:
571:
566:
1471:
1463:
413:
142:
244:
1503:
252:
1586:
1561:
878:
830:
357:
1581:
1571:
1382:
868:
317:
1576:
1004:
954:
908:
888:
374:
305:
1455:
1342:
1259:
1254:
297:
1566:
1447:
1315:
994:
989:
781:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1451:
1249:
1244:
1117:
1044:
1483:
1459:
1443:
1320:
321:
232:
715:
633:
617:
652:
408:, sent a letter to Ma Xisheng, ostensibly to seek permission to allow him to enter into a
8:
1551:
1546:
874:
595:
never actually gave his birth year, even indirectly. However, his brother and successor
1330:
762:
465:
349:
409:
745:
513:
381:(知政事), and also put him in charge of the military affairs of the state (總錄中外諸軍事,
181:
412:
with Gao Yu. Ma
Xisheng's suspicions were aroused, particularly since his wife
360:; he continued to carry that title as a vassal of Later Liang's successor state
722:
491:
1540:
1423:
1413:
1388:
1302:
1140:
864:
270:
1418:
1347:
1287:
1236:
1122:
1049:
1031:
1021:
980:
967:
962:
461:
ate pork when he was mourning. Every generation will have its wise men."
441:, which Chu also controlled), as well as the honorary chancellor title of
1362:
1357:
1352:
1277:
1183:
1173:
1168:
1086:
1016:
848:
288:, ruling briefly from his father's death in 930 to his own death in 932.
1372:
1367:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1163:
1145:
1109:
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401:
361:
337:
333:
329:
169:
1178:
1132:
1081:
1039:
940:
930:
914:
369:
188:
None, known by posthumously created-title of Prince of
Hengyang (衡陽王)
1428:
1408:
1211:
925:
772:
596:
454:
325:
309:
132:
120:
75:
66:
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1269:
1155:
1076:
838:
811:
458:
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438:
405:
207:
197:
1201:
1193:
754:
516:
434:
397:
390:
301:
281:
260:
222:
212:
55:
37:
1400:
313:
364:, and later would be further created the King of Chu (楚國王,
316:) following the assassination of Ma Yin's predecessor
304:. At that time, Ma Yin had just taken control of
1538:
393:monk and excused himself from the court scene.)
296:Ma Xisheng was born in 899, during the reign of
797:
711:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
649:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
630:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
613:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
592:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
804:
790:
679:
677:
356:) as the vassal of Tang's successor state
538:
536:
534:
486:
484:
482:
480:
30:Jiedushi of Wu'an & Jingjiang Circuit
16:Jiedushi of Wu'an & Jingjiang Circuit
644:
642:
607:
605:
561:
559:
557:
555:
343:
674:
471:
404:, the ruler of Chu's northern neighbor
1539:
813:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
531:
477:
286:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
785:
639:
623:
602:
552:
509:
507:
505:
300:, as the second son of the warlord
280:(衡陽王), was the second ruler of the
13:
907:
517:Chinese-Western Calendar Converter
14:
1598:
699:New History of the Five Dynasties
586:New History of the Five Dynasties
567:New History of the Five Dynasties
502:
368:) by Later Tang's second emperor
47:December 19, 930 – August 15, 932
583:Ma Xisheng's biographies in the
658:
577:
522:
265:
256:
248:
1:
1492:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
291:
7:
823:(and other northern states)
10:
1603:
1557:Politicians from Changsha
1441:
1399:
1381:
1338:
1329:
1301:
1268:
1235:
1192:
1154:
1131:
1108:
1102:(other than Northern Han)
1099:
1067:
1030:
1012:
1003:
976:
953:
921:
898:
857:
829:
820:
769:
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751:
744:
383:Zonglu Zhongwai Zhujunshi
269:; 899 – August 15, 932),
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35:
28:
21:
427:
298:Emperor Zhaozong of Tang
995:Emperor Shizong of Liao
990:Emperor Taizong of Liao
377:with the designation
344:During Ma Yin's reign
472:Notes and references
284:of China during the
1587:Later Tang jiedushi
1562:Generals from Hunan
858:Concurrent warlords
276:(若訥), formally the
245:traditional Chinese
1582:Jingjiang jiedushi
1572:Ma Chu chancellors
278:Prince of Hengyang
253:simplified Chinese
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1437:
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1395:
1394:
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780:
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770:Succeeded by
410:blood brotherhood
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775:(Prince Wenzhao)
752:Preceded by
746:Chinese nobility
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158:Mǎ Xīshēng (馬希聲)
150:
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79:of Wu'an Circuit
69:(Prince Wenzhao)
19:
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182:Posthumous name
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17:
12:
11:
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1600:
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1574:
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1567:Ma Chu princes
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835:
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824:
821:Five Dynasties
818:
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809:
808:
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794:
786:
778:
777:
771:
768:
759:
753:
749:
748:
740:
739:
723:Zizhi Tongjian
719:
707:
693:
692:
684:Zizhi Tongjian
673:
665:Zizhi Tongjian
657:
638:
622:
601:
576:
551:
543:Zizhi Tongjian
530:
521:
501:
492:Zizhi Tongjian
475:
473:
470:
429:
426:
345:
342:
306:Tan Prefecture
293:
290:
282:Ma Chu dynasty
236:
235:
230:
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165:
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130:August 15, 932
128:
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1427:
1425:
1424:Qian Hongzong
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:Qian Yuanguan
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1389:Wang Yanzheng
1386:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
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1359:
1356:
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1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
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1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1303:Southern Tang
1300:
1294:
1291:
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1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
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1147:
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1141:Meng Zhixiang
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
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1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
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1111:
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1006:
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993:
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876:
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866:
865:Liu Shouguang
863:
862:
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456:
452:
451:Zhu Quanzhong
446:
444:
443:Zhongshu Ling
440:
436:
425:
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417:
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411:
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271:courtesy name
268:
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42:
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34:
31:
27:
20:
1480:N. Dynasties
1476:S. Dynasties
1419:Qian Hongzuo
1348:Wang Shenzhi
1288:Yang Longyan
1237:Southern Han
1206:
1123:Wang Zongyan
1100:Ten Kingdoms
1045:Liu Chengjun
1032:Northern Han
1022:Liu Chengyou
968:Shi Chonggui
963:Shi Jingtang
763:Ruler of Chu
761:
721:
709:
697:
683:
664:
660:
648:
629:
625:
611:
590:
584:
579:
565:
542:
524:
490:
463:
447:
442:
431:
421:
418:
400:. Earlier,
395:
386:
382:
379:Zhi Zhengshi
378:
365:
353:
347:
318:Liu Jianfeng
295:
277:
273:
264:
240:
239:
233:Consort Yuan
173:
172:'s era name
74:
29:
1472:16 Kingdoms
1363:Wang Jipeng
1358:Wang Yanjun
1353:Wang Yanhan
1278:Yang Xingmi
1184:Gao Jichong
1174:Gao Baorong
1169:Gao Conghui
1087:Guo Zongxun
1017:Liu Zhiyuan
983:occupation)
977:Interregnum
849:Zhu Youzhen
831:Later Liang
757:(King Wumu)
366:Chu Guowang
358:Later Liang
308:(in modern
168:None, used
94:Predecessor
58:(King Wumu)
52:Predecessor
1552:932 deaths
1547:899 births
1541:Categories
1464:3 Kingdoms
1373:Zhu Wenjin
1368:Wang Yanxi
1227:Ma Xichong
1217:Ma Xiguang
1207:Ma Xisheng
1164:Gao Jixing
1146:Meng Chang
1110:Former Shu
1069:Later Zhou
1055:Liu Jiyuan
936:Li Conghou
900:Later Tang
885:Li Maozhen
844:Zhu Yougui
466:Mount Heng
402:Gao Jixing
375:chancellor
362:Later Tang
338:Ma Xichong
330:Ma Xiguang
292:Background
266:Mǎ Xīshēng
241:Ma Xisheng
170:Later Tang
22:Ma Xisheng
1343:Wang Chao
1260:Liu Chang
1255:Liu Sheng
1179:Gao Baoxu
1133:Later Shu
1118:Wang Jian
1082:Chai Rong
1050:Liu Ji'en
1040:Liu Chong
1005:Later Han
955:Later Jin
941:Li Congke
931:Li Siyuan
915:Li Keyong
875:Wang Rong
414:Lady Yang
370:Li Siyuan
174:Changxing
163:Era dates
143:Lady Yang
102:Successor
89:930 – 932
63:Successor
36:Ruler of
1429:Qian Chu
1409:Qian Liu
1212:Ma Xifan
926:Li Cunxu
773:Ma Xifan
767:930–932
726:, vols.
688:vol. 276
669:vol. 275
597:Ma Xifan
589:and the
547:vol. 278
497:vol. 277
455:Hengyang
422:Shizhong
354:Chu Wang
326:Ma Xifan
322:Lady Yin
310:Changsha
133:Changsha
121:Changsha
105:Ma Xifan
81:(武安軍節度使)
76:Jiedushi
67:Ma Xifan
1316:Li Jing
1311:Li Bian
1293:Yang Pu
1283:Yang Wo
1250:Liu Bin
1245:Liu Yan
1222:Ma Xi'e
1156:Jingnan
1077:Guo Wei
839:Zhu Wen
716:vol. 68
704:vol. 66
653:vol. 71
634:vol. 69
618:vol. 68
572:vol. 66
459:Ruan Ji
445:(中書令).
439:Guangxi
406:Jingnan
334:Ma Xi'e
208:Dynasty
119:Likely
1504:W. Xia
1202:Ma Yin
815:rulers
755:Ma Yin
435:Guilin
398:Gao Yu
391:Taoist
336:, and
302:Ma Yin
263::
261:pinyin
255::
247::
229:Mother
223:Ma Yin
219:Father
213:Ma Chu
97:Ma Yin
86:Tenure
56:Ma Yin
44:Tenure
38:Ma Chu
1448:Shang
1401:Wuyue
1321:Li Yu
428:Reign
387:Defei
352:(楚王,
314:Hunan
274:Ruona
198:House
176:(長興).
153:Names
1520:Qing
1516:Ming
1512:Yuan
1500:Song
1496:Liao
1488:Tang
1452:Zhou
981:Liao
879:Zhao
139:Wife
127:Died
114:Born
1528:PRC
1524:ROC
1508:Jīn
1484:Sui
1468:Jìn
1460:Han
1456:Qin
1444:Xia
1383:Yin
1331:Min
1194:Chu
909:Jin
869:Yan
736:278
732:277
728:276
350:Chu
257:马希声
249:馬希聲
117:899
24:馬希聲
1543::
1526:/
1522:→
1518:→
1514:→
1510:→
1506:/
1502:/
1498:/
1494:→
1490:→
1486:→
1482:→
1478:/
1474:→
1470:/
1466:→
1462:→
1458:→
1454:→
1450:→
1446:→
1270:Wu
889:Qi
734:,
730:,
714:,
702:,
686:,
676:^
667:,
651:,
641:^
632:,
616:,
604:^
570:,
554:^
545:,
533:^
504:^
495:,
479:^
437:,
332:,
328:,
312:,
259:;
251:;
202:Ma
979:(
891:)
887:(
881:)
877:(
871:)
867:(
805:e
798:t
791:v
738:.
718:.
706:.
690:.
671:.
655:.
636:.
620:.
574:.
549:.
519:.
499:.
243:(
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